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PART 2. PRACTICAL BASIS OF EPC ANALYSISThe basic principles of EPC analysis of the person’s energy condition are as follows: • Information must be taken from the 10 fingers with and without filter. • The fingers must not be cleaned before the EPC images taken, if there is dirt, moisture or sweat, wipe with a soft cloth. In the case of heavy perspiration wipe every finger just before the EPC images taken. • Different EPC programs provide different information about the energy since they use different principles of processing information, therefore full analysis requires processing in all programs. • The image of the energy field provides a general image of the distribution of energy, it does not allow for a detailed analysis, although shows basic regions requiring attention. The program EPC Energy Field is very convenient for monitoring the condition during successive measurements of the same person. • The energy distribution diagram is a very convenient, practical and reliable method for analyzing the person’s conditions. It allows for several types of analysis: • Assess the activation and stress level by comparing the shots taken with and without filter; • Assess the general level of energy reserves according to the diagram with filter. • Identify the zones requiring attention nF_R&L F_R&L. • Compare the condition when taking EPC images in different moments, after carrying out a procedure, exercise, intervention and so forth. • They carry out a detailed analysis of the energy condition of the organs and systems when assessing the sectors of separate fingers. This can be done with the program EPC Energy Field, EPC Processor and others. The sectoral analysis in fingers is the most detailed one, it reveals the particulars of the condition of a given system or organ. The sectoral analysis in fingers does not overlap with information from other programs. This analysis is the final phase of EPC analysis of the person’s condition. IMPORTANT NOTEEPC analysis is not currently certified as a method of medical diagnosis of disease. It is intended to provide guidelines to qualified healthcare professionals with full knowledge of patient history and concerns to assist in their design of an appropriate healthcare program.. EPC makes it possible to analyze the energy state of a person and his/her autonomic status, i.e. to assess the condition of the body from the point of view of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.On the grounds of the data from this analysis, as well as other instrumental measurements (such as ECG, blood analysis, ultrasound, visual checkup, genetic data, etc.) the doctor or competent specialist can make a diagnosis as well as prescribe a treatment. In Russia and Byelorussia the EPC device is certified as medical technology device and is included in the medical diagnosis apparatus register. This means it can be used in certified medical institutions. The analyses considered above were based on the use of the Diagnostic Map, which showed the correlation between the separate sectors of the fingers and the energy state of the organs and the system. That map was first proposed by Dr. Peter Mandel in Germany [Mandel, 1989], based on the ideas of traditional Chinese medicine about energy meridians. In the 90s this map was modified with reference to the EPC device and all sectors were tested in medical institutions in Russia on the basis of major clinical material. All sectors used in the Diagnosis Map have been through significant clinical trials. Mandel’s and Korotkov’s maps differ significantly. Example 005.Man, 52 years old, Russian, apparently healthy.Under long-term observation in Dr. A.P Volkov’s clinic. The initial condition was taken on 31 May 2002 without filter only, before and after doctor A.Volkov’s procedure. The energy field distribution images (Fig. 005/HEF 2002) show it is active, strong and without substantial defects, while after the procedure symmetry and uniformity substantially improved and the emissions from the right side disappeared. Further analysis was carried out according to data from 2003-2004 taken with and without filter. EPC images taken 11.28.2003 On the field image without filter (Fig. 005/005 HEF 11.28.03) the picture has a strong heterogeneous character with a large number of defects. The corresponding EPC images of fingers (Fig. 005/11.28.03 nF proc) have characteristic ´palm-like’ emissions in all fingers. This is an evidence of acute stress which could be linked to drug use. At the same time, the field image with filter and the corresponding EPC images of fingers have a very powerful and equal character. This testifies to a good physical condition. This is also reflected on the diagram (Fig. 005/005 Diagr 11.28.03) where the information with filter is fully within the favourable zone, while the curve without filter shows many sectors of energy deficit. Analyzing the organs and systems in such a case serves no purpose, as the EPC images without filter reflect an acute change of conditions. EPC images taken 12.01.2003 As we can see from the diagram taken that day, the psychological-nervous condition during the three past days have substantially stabilized: the diagrams without filter are much more even (Fig. 005/005 Diagr 12.01.03).At the same time, if we compare the diagrams with filter taken on different days (Fig. 005/005 Diagr 12.01.03 F) we can see that they coincide with great accuracy. The next shots, taken on 19 December 2003 and 25 February 2004 are very close to each other (Fig. 005/005 Diagr 2003-2004). The diagrams without filter are in the energy deficit region, changing their shape in the right hand; the diagrams with filter are quite stable. If we now compare all the diagrams taken with filter over three months, we can see how much they repeat (Fig. 005/005 Diagr all F). It is possible to translate the visual into figures (Table 1). Table 1. Comparison of parameters in EPC images with filter taken at different moments. Date of EPC images taken 11-28-2003 12-01-2003 12-19-2003 02-25-2004 JS L -0.26 -0.19 -0.44 -0.29 JS R -0.22 -0.23 -0.25 -0.31 RMS JS L 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.20 RMS JS R 0.19 0.18 0.29 0.21 As we can see from the tables, only value JS L 12-19-2003 is striking. We recall that data in the left hand correspond to condition in the ´right´ part of the brain, i.e. to the psycho-emotional condition. This testifies to the significant influence of the emotional condition on physiological processes for a given person. As a whole we can conclude that a given person, free of manifest physiological abnormalities, suffers from both moderately serious autonomic disturbance and psycho-emotional disorders. In the aforementioned example, we looked at the condition of a person suffering from autonomic neurosis, although from the point of view of official medicine he was apparently healthy. As we can see from the data analysis his physical health does not give cause for concern, although there was obviously a clear psycho-emotional energy deficit. These conditions were not clearly displayed in the field images (Fig. 005/005 HEF all), but are clearly shown in the analysis of diagrams. Nevertheless, solely from the EPC images of the fingers of the initial condition (2002-05-31) we understand that the energy deficit registered in 2003-2004 is a better condition when compared to the aggressive features in 2002. Example 007Woman,28 years old, Russian, apparently healthy.EPC images were taken twice: 24 and 28 November 2003. The energy field distribution images are powerful enough (Fig. 007/007 HEF all), however we can see many heterogeneities and lapses in the images without filter. The image becomes clearer when observed with a lateral projection (Fig. 007/007 HEF all2) where we can see pronounced heterogeneities in the area of the coccyx, the thyroid gland and the gastrointestinal tract. This information is confirmed in the diagrams without filter (Fig. 007/007 Diagr nF) which differ between themselves but have corresponding emissions and hollows. Apart from the significant zones in the diagrams without filter we must pay attention to the emissions in the area of coronary vessels and the right part of the heart, while the cardiovascular zone is in a relative energy deficit. The diagrams with filter are fully situated in the optimal middle zone (Fig. 007/007 Diagr F) which is evidence of apparently good homeostazis. Nor is there any evidence of any apparent particularities in the EPC images of fingers with filter. This evidences that this woman does indeed enjoy apparently good health, although a whole set of her organs and systems require attention. EPC images with and without filterThe EPC filter is a polyethylene made special film that is placed in the electrode of the EPC camera at the time of taking EPC images. Its role can be explained by means of a simple example. Let us suppose that we put on a thin surgical glove and take EPC images of the fingers. They will give a similar bright glow. The glove cuts off the cutaneous covering – its perspiration, sweating and secreted skin gases. Then the images will only reflect the particularities linked to the conditions of the body as a single system. In other words, we cut off a significant part of the influence exerted by the autonomic nervous system. The EPC filter plays the same role as the surgical glove. It eliminates the direct influence of the cutaneous covering on the EPC image. Therefore, when we compare the pictures taken with and without filter we get information about the balance of the sympathetic/parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. When we analyze the person’s psycho-physiological conditions it is essential to take the EPC images with and without filter. EPC images without filter carry information about the current conditions of the energy organs and systems in a given moment in time. They reflect the particularities of the autonomic status, that is, effects of both physiological and psychic processes. Repeatability and reiteration of the EPC images without filter is determined by the stability and lability of the nervous-psychic processes, that is, by the type of the person’s constitution. Due to this, the typification of the EPC images without filter [Korotkov, 2001] correlates well with the typification of the psychological types both according to Oriental principles, for instance Ayurveda, and Western Systems. It may be interesting to develop this topic for practical psychology. We can say that the EPC images without filter reflect the person’s current psychological-physiological condition, his nervous-psychic state. EPC images with filter carry information about autonomic control at the level of stable physiological processes. In other words, EPC images with filter reflect the level of physiological energy that ensures the functioning of the body at a base and organic energy level. This level is very stable, it ensures long term body functioning and remains present throughout psycho-physiological changes. This energy reserve is constantly replenished owing to the basic energy metabolism with the participation of electronic processes in the tissues and the blood’s oxygen. Therefore we can say that EPC images with filter reflect the body’s base level of energy. When function is normal, the EPC images with filter are very stable and reproducible, and their changes are evidence of pathological processes at a deep energy level, generally linked to organic processes. EPC images with filter reflect the physical condition of organs and systems. The stronger the autonomic deregulation (imbalance) is, the stronger the divergences between images with and without filter will be. The evaluation of this divergence can easily be carried out with the program EPC Diagram. The program reflects the standardized logarithmic values of the EPC images area, divided into sectors in accordance with the EPC diagnostic table. According to the EPC -diagrams with and without filter we can calculate the activation coefficient which is the evaluation of the stress level of a given person. This is the approach we put forward in 2000; it was tested on a significant number of people alongside various psychological tests. We showed high coefficients of statistical correlation between values of the activation coefficient and levels of anxiety, activation and stress, all being determined by different tests [Kondrat'ev et al., 2005]. Thus the significance of the EPC approach for identifying the level of psycho-physiological stress was proved in numerous independent psycho-physiological experiments. Recently, an approach for quantitatively determining of a whole set of a person’s psychological features according to the EPC -gram parameters has been developed. This approach is EPC Tolerance. EPC Tolerance is the first objective device method for determining a person’s psychological characteristics. The Research Institute of special equipment within the Home Affairs Ministry of the Russian Federation approves the experience of method application for the solution of special tasks [Filippos'yants et al., 2004]. The method for determining the stress level received two international patents. The results of the investigation were reported in numerous international conferences and were highly praised by specialists. The method is being actively introduced into the special services of Russia, USA and Israel. The scale of the EPC Activation program can be easily interpreted: Activation coefficient in range 0-2: absolutely calm and totally relaxed person, it could be for several reasons: deep meditation, complete inner peace; the effects of psychedelics; deep sleep in the peaceful phase, chronic depression, etc. Activation coefficient in range 2-4: normal, calm condition. Activation coefficient in range 4-6: excited state, characteristic of active work, emotional excitement and tense activity. This state is typical in high level managers, militaries and people with responsible jobs. Activation coefficient in range 6-8: there are at least four possible situations: • Reaction to a previous stressful situation (unpleasant conversation, illness, car driving under stressful conditions, etc.). In this case it is absolutely necessary to calm the patient and repeat the measurement after half an hour. • Heightened nervousness, accumulated during long term stress, emotional tension and autonomic disorder. • People with special type of psyche, capable of switching rapidly from high excitement and nervousness to a calm state. • Children in a state of nervous excitement. Activation coefficient in range 8-10: very high stress level, peak of emotional excitement. Pay close attention to perspiration on the hands: wipe the finger with a tissue and repeat the EPC images taken for each finger separately. In any case, perspiration on the hands is a sign of autonomic imbalance. If a patient with activation level 8-10 appears calm, this could indicate a dangerous situation: the person is on the verge of a nervous breakdown, so be aware and exercise caution. Note that the EPC method makes it possible to measure the level of physiological stress, that is, the activation level of the autonomic nervous system, which does not always coincide with the level of psychological stress, or level of acknowledged psychological tension. For example, a person who suffers an intense psychological trauma – loss of a close person, a difficult divorce, traffic accident, etc. – may have quite a calm appearance and react adequately to external stimulus, but the level of physiological stress will be very high. This also applies to people deliberately planning unlawful actions, that is, to potential terrorists. Therefore the EPC method for registering stress positions itself as a means of identifying potential terrorists for the special services. With this purpose we developed a special device based on the registration of high-frequency flows, making it possible to measure the level of stress almost instantly – in 0.1 of a second – by touching the device electrodes with the fingers. L-R symmetry The observation of the L-R symmetry with regard to the body’s axes is of great significance when analyzing the person’s condition. At first sight, the way our bodies and faces are constructed appears to be symmetrical, but the similarity between right and left is quite relative. Try to compare two right and two left halves of a person’s face (in a mirror reflection) and you will get two new faces having only a relative similarity with their owner. A method of psychological testing was developed on the basis of this effect, giving reasonably good results. A whole set of organs in our body are symmetric but their functioning condition always differs. When analyzing EPC -grams, we look closely at symmetry; this can be done both with individual fingers and with the EPC diagram. The general rule is as follows: - Pathologic signs manifest in one finger and absent on the corresponding finger of the opposite hand have a clear functional value. - Pathologic signs having R-L presentation in the EPC images without filter are indicators of system functional weakness requiring correction. - Pathologic signs having R-L representation in EPC images with filter show evidence of a pathologic process. Note that in the EPC images with filter sectoral presentation can be deceptive; it depends on the severity of the pathologic process. We will later examine this question in greater detail. In EPC images without filter:- The right hand, when analyzing processes linked to psychological particularities and conscious activity, carries information about the left half of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres and says more about the person’s physiological condition. - The left hand carries information about the right half of the cerebral hemisphere and says more about the emotional condition. A huge amount of work has been devoted to the issues of functional features of the right and left halves of cerebral cortex, a short analysis of them and their application to EPC -graphy is examined in the book [Korotkov, 2001] The symmetry of EPC images turned out to be a significant indicator when researching the psycho-emotional condition of militaries in the work of colleagues in Moscow at the State Scientific Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Russian Ministry of Defence under the direction of Prof. I.B. Ushakov and the Candidate of Medical Science V.V. Sen'kin. • In the major cycle of works, it was specifically established that the difference of the integral glow area in the right and left hand fingers proved to be the more sensitive and more significant in terms of prognosis relative to EPC -parameters. The relative size of the image area dynamics (JS) of the right and left hands, found during background and monitoring examination, constitutes a more telling bioelectrographic criterion for stress tolerance. • Good tolerance of pilot load was characterized by an increase of JSR value in the right hand of 0.2-0.3 c.u. with simultaneous tendency to asymmetry to zero and lower JSR values in right hand in comparison with left hand (JSR<JSL) during background examination. The detected right hand functional asymmetry proved to be a valuable indicator reflecting the existence of high functional reserves. • Low tolerance was distinguished by negative JSL dynamics in the left hand, at minus 0.5 – 0.6 c.u, with increased asymmetry in comparison with the initial values up to 0.2-0.53 c.u., and lower JSL values in left hand in comparison to right hand (JSR > JSL) during background examination. • The detected phenomenon of left side asymmetry was present in the air crew, examination of which was either ended according to indications, or had a satisfactory assessment. Also noteworthy are indirect signs of the reduced functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system in people with left side asymmetry. • In accordance with the stance of evidentiary medicine positions a diagnostic efficiency assessment was carried out as well as an estimation of the operative characteristics of the method of induced bioelectrography signals, when compared to ‘golden standards’, where the totality of traditional indicators of pilot overload tolerance was used as a referent. It was established that sensitivity of the bioelectrographic approach is at 86%, specificity is at 82%, and the prognostic value of positive and negative results is at 38% and 98% accordingly, the likelihood ratio of a positive result from the bioelectrographic approach is 4.9, likelihood ratio of a positive result 0.17, equal accuracy 83%. • The bioelectrography approach makes it possible to put into practice one of the most important ultimate aims of scientific and practical military medicine: to make a prognosis of the result of the body’s response to a stimulus with the aim of diagnosing functional reserves, preventing of unjustified or damaging effects, selecting individual doses of restorative treatment and adequate and optimal corrective training which optimizes the functional capacities of the body, creating an objective basis for drawing diagnostic conclusions when taking expert decisions. In order to illustrate the aforementioned positions, let us move on to look at some practical examples. First we will examine a set of examples of EPC images taken from apparently healthy people. By this we mean people who do not have a chronic pathology, severe complaints about their health or diseases at the time of carrying out the EPC EPC images taken. At the same time that does not exclude the fact that the given person might currently have functional abnormalities or latent diseases. The examples in this sector were chosen from a database kindly presented by Dr. T.A Telesheva, who works in Dr. A.P Volkov’s clinic. In these descriptions, we will present data according to American standards: MM-DD-YY or YY-MM-DD. This allows the computer to arrange the files by date. In the series of file names, we adhere to European standards. The coding of examples corresponds to the numbers of files in the CD which accompanies this book. Example 003.Woman, 52 years old, Russian.Two series of EPC images were taken on November 24, 2003 and February 10, 2004. In all four measurements (2 EPC images with filter and 2 EPC images without) the field pictures (Fig. 003 HEF nF&F) are enough powerful, without evident disruptions and a high level of symmetry; the area of shots with and without filter do not differ much. This is clearly evident from the graphic of different parameters set up in the program EPC energy field (Fig. 003/003 4 HEF data) The diagrams with filter (Fig. 003/003 2 Diag F) are located in the middle and most favorable area and they coincide quite well, however we note that they are located on the lower limit of the middle area, which shows a good, although not very high level of energy reserves. The diagrams without filter look different (Fig. 003/003 2 Diag nF). The diagram taken in November lies mainly in an area of energy deficit. The diagram taken in February lies mainly in the middle and most favorable area. Such a change is no coincidence. Between EPC images, the woman followed a diet prescribed by doctor A.Volkov according to data of a special blood analysis and the ‘principles of health’. These principles and method for choosing a good diet are described in the book by A.Volkov [2004]. The thyroid gland is the only area at risk of energy deficit during both measurements. An energy deficit is presented in the right and left hands, and can also be observed in the diagram with filter. This proves the seriousness of the functioning process in this system. In order to analyze in detail this information we observe the EPC images of fingers 1L, 1R and 1LF, 1RF (Fig. 003/003 1_LR). As evident from the images, in the lower sectors of these fingers no pathological signs are observed. Consequently we can say that in all likelihood pathological processes are not present where there is an apparent energy deficit. So for this woman, we can conclude that she is apparently healthy, and has a good energy state, although it is not very strong and she has a number of systems and organs that require attention. A diet according to A.P Volkov’s method clearly does her good. Such conclusions completely correspond to clinical data. Heightened Awareness ZonesAs we can see in the aforementioned examples of the analysis of the condition of ‘apparently healthy’ people, a specific problem was detected in everyone. This is a typical situation which arises in the vast majority of the population during analysis. The fact is that many autonomic abnormalities cannot be diagnosed using the methods of clinical medicine, which focuses mainly on organic abnormalities. Patients with autonomic control disorders are considered apparently healthy, however they can experience a whole set of uncomfortable conditions which impede their ability to work, increase tiredness and worsen their quality of life [Partsernyak, 2005]. A visit to a conventional doctor will not give any results, since the results of all the standard analyses are within the prescribed limits. And the psycho-emotional dimension has a strong impact, leading to the high variability of conditions over time, which can be seen from the diverse examples above in EPC images without filter. By identifying energy deficit zones, the EPC method makes it possible to detect areas of increased risk. Among these are the zones in EPC images EPC images without filter situated in an energy deficit area (or energy redundancy in middle-aged people and the elderly), in particular those repeated for both hands. Pathological processes will not necessarily develop in these zones, but under load or stress this is nevertheless the most likely course of events. This can be avoided by appropriate control and prophylaxis. For example, in the case of an energy deficit in the area of the cardiovascular system, good health can be maintained well into old age with a specific diet and stress regime. Unfortunately, practice has shown us that in many cases people did not pay attention to warnings given after EPC analysis, and went on to develop severe problems. We can identify several zones highly likely to attract attention when analyzing EPC images in the majority of middle-aged people with a European lifestyle. The area of the vertebral column. A sedentary way of life, jolting in a vehicle, micro traumas, knocks and contusions lead to spinal curvature of the column and damage of the cartilage between the discs. In many people this manifests itself in occasional pain, to the extent of episodes, whilst others only experience mild discomfort. However, even minor damage can lead to severe consequences. The vertebral column is a basic organ for the control of autonomic activity, and in Ayurvedic medicine it is the area where we find the energy centres: the Chakras. A deformation of the vertebral column leads to abnormalities of the nervous control, that is, to disorder of the combinatory work of the systems and organs. Most often affected is the area of the coccyx, which is linked to the work of all the organs of the small pelvis. This leads to the poor functioning of the stomach, bowels and the urogenital system. In the EPC images the vertebral column is represented on fingers 2L and 2R. Severe abnormalities are displayed both in the field image and the EPC diagrams; however the final conclusion must be based on the information from the fingers. Since the EPC makes it possible to get information about the functional condition of the systems, which is primarily linked to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, then the visibility of the signs will depend of the current condition at that given moment. But in case of existing dysfunction the visibility will be displayed differently depending on the severity of the condition. Let us illustrate this thesis with an example. Example 009Let us examine the EPC images of a person’s index fingers, taken at different points over some years. During the years 1996-1999 this person suffered from increasingly severe episodes of radiculitis which were managed by concentrating only the administration of hydrotherapy and special gymnastics. After the year 1999 the episodes did not recur, although the patient periodically experienced unpleasant sensations in the area of the vertebral column, to the extent of pain. These pains were removed by rubbing the affected areas with peppermint and doing exercises. In 2000-2004 this person survived a severe immunity crisis. All the EPC images presented were taken without filter.1999: clearly visible defects in the internal areas of the fingers. Period of strong radiculitis pains. We paid attention to the overall energy deficient character of the EPC -grams. October 2000: immune inflammation; area of the vertebral column relatively stable, although evident small emissions. March 2002: immune inflammation, clearly visible emissions in the area of the vertebral column and the bowels. May 2002: holidays in the Crimea: sudden energy boost, small defects in the area of the coccygeal bone. August 2002: defects more strongly apparent. September 2002: severe immune inflammation. November 2002: relative stabilization of condition. September 2003: unstable condition with depressed energy and periodic immune inflammations. May 2004: gradual improvement of condition. August 2004: strong physical activity, reproduction of radiculitis pains which were removed with massages using peppermint. Pronounced defects in the projection of the vertebral column. January 17 2005: holidays by the sea, general energy boost. January 27 2005: strong physical activity, evident reaction in the projection of the vertebral column. January 28 2005: special exercises lead to practical disappearance of the pathologic signs in the area of the projection of the vertebral column. The aforementioned examples show that the expression of defects in the area of the projection of the vertebral column can be different depending on the overall condition, however in case of problems, this indicator will always be apparent to some degree. At the same time, on the EPC images with filter, the given problem will be presented in periods of crisis; when the condition is normal it will not appear. This is linked to the fact that in the given example the illness does not affect the organ tissue level and appears as a functional abnormality of autonomic control. It is advisable to pay attention to the energy condition of the vertebral column and apply the methods of osteopathy and manual therapy in the earliest stages of condition correction. The next area requiring attention in a population with a European diet is the projection of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It is present in the internal side of fingers 5L and 5R; the external side of the fingers 2L and 2R and one of the sectors of fingers 3L and 3R. Typical European alimentation is plagued by a host of deficiencies: excess fat, carbohydrates, sugar, refined food, lack of cellulose, raw vegetables and fruit. These questions are examined in detail in the book by A.Volkov [2004]. This situation is exacerbated by the intake of preservatives, dyes, stabilizers, antibiotics, hormones and lately also genetically modified products. In USA these factors reached a limit which had increasingly severe consequences for the American population. A good saying is: “the longer the life of a product is the shorter the life of its user will be”. All this means that GIT in people with a standard European diet are in condition of almost continuous dysfunction, and the person experiences a huge amount of inconvenience and discomfort, to the extent of functional and organic abnormalities. Therefore, in most of the people examined in Europe and the USA, we observed defects in the area of the GIT projection, which attested to functional insufficiency. Evidence of these defects is determined by genetic status (there are people who can eat nails washed down with gasoline) and the character of the food itself. As a rule, it can be said that all GIT problems can be eliminated by choosing a sensible diet. Pay attention, too, to the fact that the condition of the GIT is in direct correlation to the condition of the nervous system. Therefore, defects in GIT projection will be more strongly displayed in EPC images without filter. The thyroid gland. The area of the projection of the lower sectors in EPC images of fingers 1L and 1R. Presence of aggressive defects in this zone without filter unambiguously indicates functional damage. Conventional medicine has well-developed procedures for correcting abnormalities in the thyroid gland, when detected in a timely manner. Among the zones requiring heightened awareness during analysis are: - the cardiovascular system: fingers 5L, 5R and also 3L and 3R; - urogenital tract: fingers 4L and 4R. Pay attention to the impossibility of analyzing this zone in women during the menstrual period. In men defects are manifested in this zone in the case of prostate inflammation. - Projection of liver and kidneys: lower sector of fingers 3L and 3R. It should be noted that all the organs which deal with food and excretion work as a single system, what means that a dysfunction in one of them will inevitably be linked to functional abnormalities in the others. As a result of a reaction of these systems to the nature of the food, load and stress, the defects observed in these projections are very labile: in EPC images without filter, they can change in the course of a few hours. Let us illustrate this thesis with an example (Fig. 010). Data presented by V. Yakovlev and N. Priyatkin. Example (Fig. 010) Woman, 45 years old, Russian, chronic kidney disease, dysfunction of liver, sand in the urinary bladder. Three consecutive EPC images were carried out without filter at five-minute intervals. In the zone of the lower sector, clear defects, especially strong in the zone of the right kidney projection. During subsequent EPC images, the energy loses power. This process is linked to the overall energy deficit and the exhaustion of the energy system when electronic flows are stimulated. A change of the parameters of the EPC must be estimated quantitatively since visual assessments are deceptive and not reliable. For the assessment the EPC Scientific Laboratory program should be used, once loaded with images (bmp files). For finger 3R the estimations make it possible to obtain the next set of parameters (Table 2). Table 2. A change in time of the parameters of the EPC images prior to therapy (T=00, T=00+5, T=00+10 and after the therapy session T=1, T=1+5, T=1+10) EPC images taken Т=00 Т=00+5 Т=00+10 Т=1 Т=1+5 Т=1+10 Area (pixels) 11358 9106 7008 18872 18707 13814 Form coef. 16.09 18.68 26.09 12.07 11.74 12.01 Entropy 1.91 2.19 3.02 1.09 1.07 1.34 As is clear from the data in this table, during successive measurements the area of the images falls while the shape’s coefficient and entropy rise. A course of restorative therapy was carried out on the woman with a massage of acupuncture points, aromatherapy and herbs. After the treatment her energy level rose dramatically (the area increased from 7000-11000 to 18000), and the form and entropy coefficients decreased. This testifies that the course definitely had a positive effect. At the same time the defective image remained, which is obvious from the third shot after therapy (T=1+10). During two successive shots after therapy the parameters remained apparently unchanged (table 2), which shows evidence of the overall increase of energy, although at the third shot they nevertheless worsened. This is not surprising, however. The condition of the patient was quite severe; she had a chronic illness apparent at the level of the organs. The EPC images with filter are evidence of this. In the picture (Liver 3), the 3LF EPC -gram is presented having an area of clearly apparent defects in the lower sector. After the treatment (Fig. 3LF after) the intensity of the defects decreased although they remained. When the body is functioning normally, that is, when there is a good level of autonomic control, we can observe fluctuations in the energy level ‘without filter’ from one day to the next, in a number of cases and over the course of several days. This is linked to CNS and ANS reactions on the changing conditions of load and different effects of the environment. You can observe this process in the measurements of the EPC images without filter. Fluctuation of the functional condition is the body’s normal reaction to the change of environmental conditions. Depending on the homeostasis level and age, a person’s condition changes to varying degrees. These fluctuations are reflected in the EPC images without filter. They reflect the level of regulation of the functional systems of the body in terms of ANS. Analysis of the Medical technique of Electrophotonic capturing (EPC) analysis based on Gas discharge visualization (GDV) technique INTRODUCTIONThe new medical technique of computer GDV bioelectrography is for the first time introduced into application in Russian Federation. This medical technique offers the following advantages over existing techniques:- screening evaluation of the psychophysiological state and functional activity of an individual; - noninvasiveness, safety and complete sterility of the technique; - assessment of the anxiety and stress levels; - quantitative information on the energy homeostasis level both for the organism as a whole and for individual functional systems; - monitoring of individual’s reaction towards the influence of various treatment procedures, allopathic and homeopathic medicines, and mild informational influences; - possibility of tracking the evolution of various processes in time and comparing structural, functional and time processes that take place in the organism; - objectivity of the information – independence from the preferences and experience of the user; - simplicity and convenience of the method – absence of any particular requirements to the room, the environmental conditions or the qualification of the personnel; during the investigation of an individual’s state only measurements from his/her fingers and toes have to be taken; - clearness and interpretability of the obtained results, easy storage and processing of the data; - relative cheapness of the equipment and the procedure itself. INDICATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE MEDICAL TECHNIQUEThe use of the medical technique of computer GDV bioelectrography is advisable during screening examinations, conducted with a view to providing timely and controlled primary prophylactic actions. The application of the technique is also expedient for monitoring the functional state of the organism during treatment and rehabilitation, for preventing the side effects of various therapies, for determining additional indications for allopathic, non-drug and homeopathic treatment methods and providing a more objective assessment of their effects.CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE MEDICAL TECHNIQUE Relative contraindication: the use of the computer kirlianography is not advisable for patients with acute myocardial infarction. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT The device for screening evaluation of an individual’s psychophysiological state and functional activity “GDV Camera” complies with the requirements of the normative documents for safety and is certified for application, see registration certificate № 022.2005/1633-05 dated 28 April, 2005, valid through 28 April, 2010, normative document ТУ 9442-801-59456095-2005. The device is manufactured by OOO “BioTechProgress”, St.Petersburg. The device is included in the Russian Federation public register of medical products and equipment. Conditions of the GDV-grams’ registration: 1. The examination of the patients should be conducted in the morning, before the diagnostic procedures and the intake of drugs, at least three hours after the latest intake of food and smoking, and at least 24 hours after the latest intake of alcohol. The intake of certain drugs influences the psychophysiological state. It is desirable that the patients should evacuate the bowels and bladder before the registration of the GDV-grams. 2. The fingers mustn’t be washed or wiped with alcohol before the registration. If the hands are very dirty, they should be washed, but in this case the registration should be taken 15 minutes after the washing. 3. In case of excessive perspiration of hands each finger should be wiped just before the registration. 4. Psychologically and physically comfortable conditions must be provided for the individuals under study, and any random influences (psychological, physical, etc.) must be excluded. 5. The optical window of the GDV device must be wiped clean before each measurement. 6. Each time the measurements must be taken with filter and without it. 7. A new filter must be used for the measurements of the 10 fingers of every individual. Ensure that the filter is accurately stored, straightened out and does not become crushed during the measurements. 8. When the state of the individual is monitored by periodically taking the GDV-grams, the measurements must be taken at the same time, by the same physician, in the same room with constant optimum temperature, humidity and gas composition of the air, maintained by means of the ventilation and heating systems. 9. The device must be regularly, at least once a week, calibrated by means of the reference subject included in the device kit. Also, the device should be calibrated when the conditions of the measurements change, for example, upon shift to another room, change of computer, dramatic changes in the atmospheric conditions, or when the obtained results are “strange”. 10. The measurement settings of the GDV Camera should be regularly checked (as described in the device’s instruction), as well as the settings of the data processing programs. Variations of the process settings distort the obtained results. The repeatability of values of the GDV-parameters during daily monitoring was studied, in particular, in St.Petersburg State Medical University, on the basis of 38 practically healthy individuals and 30 individuals suffering from bronchial asthma (BA). For healthy individuals the daily average and the 10 minutes average value of the amplitude of variations of the GDV-gram’s parameters amounted to 4.1 and 6.6%, respectively, while for the BA individuals these values amounted to 8.6 and 7.7%. For several individuals (10% of total amount of studied individuals), where some were healthy, some had BA, the variability of the GDV-grams parameters was considerably higher – up to 18% (as compared to the daily average value). All these individuals had pronounced lability of their psychological status, as well as vegetative instability. Statistically significant correlation coefficients (r>0.5, p<0.05) were discovered between the indices of the vegetative balance and the GDV-grams’ parameters, which confirms the fact that the vegetative nervous system plays an important role in the system regulation mechanisms of an individual. Good repeatability and reproducibility of the GDV-grams’ parameters was observed for the absolute majority of examined healthy individuals and individuals with BA (in 90% of cases). High sensitivity of the GDV-grams towards changes in the psychoemotional state of patients should be taken into account. SURVEY OF LITERATURE (META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TESTS) ON THE APPLICATION OF THE GDV-GRAPHY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.SUMMARYThe purpose of the survey was to determine the measure of success of the GDV-graphy techniques’ application in various fields of medical practice.Methods: literary research was conducted with a view to finding works on this topic that had been published during 2001-2006. The research yielded 202 works containing results of application of the GDV-graphy method in clinical practice. The randomized controlled tests (RCT) were reviewed and meta-analyzed, for each test the goals and objectives of application of the GDV-graphy method were examined, as well as the presence/absence of the research and control groups, and comparison with the traditional methods of present-day medicine. For each RCT an evaluation of the test’s results was provided. Results: all published works described positive result of application of the GDV-graphy method in medical practice. 176 works that were not included in the analysis contained unique information on the diagnostics of individual nosologic units or pathological states of individuals, but the nature of the provided data did not allow including these works in the RCT list. Out of the 26 RCTs that to a certain extent conformed to the data presentation criteria and were, therefore, included in the list, all 26 concluded that the application of the GDV method in medical practice was promising; moreover, in 73% of cases maximum effect was achieved (7 points). Conclusion: the results of the analysis show that the application of the GDV-techniques in practical health care is quite promising. METHODS OF THE INVESTIGATION Literary research yielded 202 sources of information that had been published in reviewed journal articles, theses, monographs, study aids, proceedings of scientific and practical conferences during years 2002-2006, and used the gas discharge visualization method in their medico-biological investigations. These data were analyzed by means of the method of meta-analysis of randomized controlled tests (9-11). The examination of the discovered data determined the range of issues to be discussed: - search for data with scientific foundations; - decision-making concerning the inclusion of certain data into the meta-analysis; - description of the characteristics of the original RCTs; - results obtained in each RCT; - analysis of the obtained data. The following criteria were chosen for the purpose of the randomized controlled tests’ evaluation: the number of authors of a particular investigation, whether the number of the test subjects (number of patients or number of observations) is specified, whether the investigation groups are described, the presence/absence of a reference group, the presence/absence of a method or principles for comparing the results, whether the results were statistically analyzed. This makes a total of 6 parameters. The amount of points assigned to each parameter is shown in table 1. Table 1. Criterion for the evaluation of randomized controlled tests (RCT). # Criterions of Values Points 0 1 2 1 Quantity of authors - 1 2 or more 2 Quantity of tested persons is indicated no yes - 3 Description of research groups no yes - 4 Existence of a control group no yes - 5 Existence of methods to compare no yes - 6 Statistic analysis of results no yes - In accordance with the selection procedure (see fig.1.20), 26 literary sources containing the most complete information for the subsequent meta-analysis were chosen. All the founded papers, more or less suitable to studying problem (n=202) Excluded papers (n=170) Papres which are potentially suitable for including to meta-analysis (n=32) Papers which have been excluded because of not perfect suitability (n=6) Papers for the following meta-analysis (n=26) Fig.1.20. The procedure of selecting randomized controlled tests papers for the meta-analysis. A unique number ranging from 14 to 39 was assigned to each literary source selected for the meta-analysis. The number of each source corresponds to the number of this literary source in the Bibliography list provided at the end of the current article. All 26 sources were arranged within a table for the purpose of evaluating the “weight” of each test selected for the meta-analysis (see table 2). Table 2. Evaluation of papers selected for the analysis № of a paper in a list of references 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Quantity of authors 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Quantity of tested persons is indicated 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description of research groups 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Existence of a control group 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Existence of methods to compare 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Statistic analysis of results 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total: (max 7) 6 7 6 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 7 № of a paper in a list of references 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Quantity of authors 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Quantity of tested persons is indicated 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Description of research groups 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Existence of a control group 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Existence of methods to compare 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Statistic analysis of results 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total: (max 7) 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 REVIEW OF THE RESULTS The characteristics and results of the randomized controlled tests are shown in table 3. For each RCT the following information is specified: the purpose of application of the GDV-technique and the method, the presence/absence of the research and control groups, the comparison with the traditional (verified) methods, the amount of points given to this RCT and the result of the RCT. Among the 26 RCTs included into the meta-analysis, in the majority of cases the GDV-technology was used in therapy (15,16,17,18,19,25,32,33), in obstetrics and gynecology (20,21,27), in hygiene and sanitation (22,39), during patients’ rehabilitation (23,26), in endocrinology (31,35), in clinical and laboratory diagnostics (30,36), in surgery and anesthesiology (28), in phthisiology (29), in allergology (34) and during assessment of an individual’s psycho-emotional state (24). All tests showed positive result of application of the GDV-grams; moreover, in 73% of cases maximum effect was achieved (7 points). For the rest 27% of the RCTs the effect amounted to 6 points, which means that the points awarded were quite high. This shows that the number of medical investigations using the GDV-graphy is so high that choosing several dozens of publications that would almost perfectly conform to the criteria for the evaluation of randomized controlled tests for subsequent meta-analysis is fairly easy. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS Among the 202 literary sources that were selected as possible candidates for the meta-analysis among medical and scientific literature with the investigators using the GDV-techniques, there wasn’t a single negative opinion on the method. The investigators believe that the use of the GDV method together with other diagnostic approaches considerably simplifies (speeds up) the achievement of the final objective – the creation of an individual rehabilitation program and prophylactic recommendations, which ultimately represents the practical realization of the principles of the “health medicine” concept (26). The obtained results of the investigations allow suggesting the GDV method as a promising complementary diagnostic method for assessing the functional state of an individual. The potential areas of application of the GDV-graphy method are determined by its advantage in the field of express diagnostics, the possibility of conducting screening medical examinations within individual departments and evaluating the efficiency of rehabilitating procedures in medico-prophylactic institutions (14,26,29,32,33). The method is quite promising for use in anesthesiology and reanimation. The GDV-method can be used for assessing the preoperative state of patient before the operation and the adequacy of the organism’s response towards the surgical intervention (21,36). The method can be recommended for use during express-evaluation of state of the patients suffering from cardial and associated pathologies, for the selection of the most suitable pharmacological drugs and for the study of their working mechanism (15,16,17,18). Investigators believe that the use of the GDV-method significantly broadens the capabilities of diagnostics in obstetrics and that the GDV control and diagnostics techniques should be further elaborated for various types of obstetrical pathologies (21,27). The presented data allow defining the GDV-graphy as a promising method for determining the etiology of allergies, which could be used in serological practice after further refinement of the measurements’ technique (30,34). The existence of statistically significant difference between the GDV-parameters of oncology patients and healthy individuals will, hopefully, help find specific GDV-correlates of oncological disturbances at early stages of cancer (37). The investigators also suggest some desirable improvements of the GDV-techniques. The investigators mention that insufficient compactability of the GDV equipment, especially of the “sensor” (i.e., the screen-electrode of the GDV Camera) does not allow fully applying the method during surgical operations as a means for monitoring the state of the patient (36). The discovered dependence of the GDV-parameters on the age of the patient indicates that during further elaboration of the method the standard parameters of the GDV-grams should be determined for different age categories of patients (21). 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Влияние процедуры лечения перекисью водорода на ГРВ параметры пациентов // Мат. IX-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2005. – С. 92-97. 32. Волков А.В., Телешева Т.Ю., Гурский В.В., Крыжановский Э.В. Статистическая модель диагноза пациента на основе параметров его ГРВ-грамм // Мат. IX-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2005. – С. 97-98. 33. Мамедов Ю.Э., Зверев В.А. ГРВ-графия – как метод экспресс-диагностики и скрининг-контроля психосоматической патологии в практике современной медицины // Мат. IX-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2005. – С. 110-111. 34. Ахметели Г.Г., Болдырева Ю.С., Комиссаров Н.В., Короткина С.А., Крыжановский Э.В., Лобкова О.С., Михальцова Е.Н., Свиридов Л.П., Сесь Т.П., Степанов А.В., Коротков К.Г. Диагностика этиологии аллергии с применением газоразрядной визуализации (ГРВ): Методическое пособие. – СПб., 2005. – 39с. 35. Сергеев С.С., Писарева С.А. Первичная диагностика состояния здоровья методом ГРВ-биоэлектрографии // Мат. IX-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2005. – С. 128-129. 36. Полушин Ю.С., Коротков К.Г., Короткина С.А., Левшанков А.И., Коростелев Ю.М., Гринжола Е.Н., Знаменская С.И., Широков Д.М. Перспективные направления применения метода газоразрядной визуализации в медицине критических состояний // Мат. IX-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2005. – С. 115-116. 37. Гагуа П.О., Гедеванишвили Е.Г., Георгобиани Л.Г., Коротков К.Г., Короткина С.А., Ахметели Г.Г., Крыжановский Э.В. Исследование применения метода ГРВ биоэлектрографии в онкологии // Изв.вузов. Приборостроение. 2006. Т.49, №2. – СПб. – С. 47-50. 38. Коротков К.Г., Нечаев В.А., Петрова Е.Н., Вайншелбойм А., Коренюгин Д.Г., Шигалев В.К. Исследование ГРВ свечения волос // Изв.вузов. Приборостроение. 2006. Т.49, №2. – СПб. – С. 51-56. 39. Крыжановский Э.В., Борисова М.В., Лим К.Ч., Чан Т.Ш. Оценка влияния минеральных вод на состояние человека методо ГРВ биоэлектрографии // Изв.вузов. Приборостроение. 2006. Т.49, №2. – СПб. – С. 62-66. 40. Горбачёв О.Ю., Ступин Ф.П., Пономаренко К.В., Сенькин В.В., Антипушина Д.Н., Антипушин С.И. ГРВ-графия – новый подход к оценке эффективности реабилитационно-восстановительных мероприятий в условиях госпиталя // Мат. научно-практическая конференция «Системный подход к вопросам анализа и управления биологическими объектами». – М. – СПб., 2000. – С. 8-9. 41. Вепхвадзе Р.Я., Гагуа Р.О., Гедеванишвили Э.Г., Гиоргобиани Л.Г., Коротков К.Г., Капанадзе А.Б., Кучава В.О., Ломидзе З.Т., Османова В.Р. Предварительные результаты ГРВ (газоразрядная визуализация) мониторинга рака лёгкого и рака молочной железы // Мат. V-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2001. – С. 18. 42. Леднёва В.С., Есуаленко И.Э., Неретина А.Ф. Газоразрядная визуализация в диагностики муковисцидоза // Мат. V-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2001. – С. 23—24. 43. Шадурин М., Чичинадзе Г., Гоголашвили И., Абаишвили Д., Чапидзе И. Верифицированные случаи БЭО-томографической диагностики. «Феномен поверхностного фенотипа» // Мат. V-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2001. – С. 25-26. 44. Гедеванишвили Э., Гиоргобиани Л., Капанадзе А., Кахиани И., Османова В., Бардадзе К., Топешашвили М. // Мат. IX-го международного конгресса по биоэлектрографии «Наука. Информация. Сознание.». – СПб., 2005. – С. 98-99. 45. Сенькин В.В., Ушаков И.Б., Бубеев Ю.А., Степанов В.К. Использование метода ГРВ биоэлектрографии в авиационной и космической медицине // Изв.вузов. Приборостроение. 2006. Т.49, №2. – СПб. – С. 57-61 Statistic distribution of EPC glow of fingers. As it has been noted, knowledge of static data distribution character is of great importance. Special research has revealed that in most cases when series of uniform EPC glow data are taken, both with substances, materials and fingers, they belong to normal distribution to a high precision. Therefore, when registering samples of small volume it's possible in many cases to consider them as sampling from the universal set with normal distribution. Research by Elena N. Petrova carried out in 2007 can serve as an example. EPC glow of 4th finger of the left hand was captured with finger tightly connected to the optic window of EPC camera in automatic mode with 15 second interval. Two series of EPC grams have been captured. 400 bmp and 100 bmp. It is well known that distribution is normal if the following conditions are observed: 1) average coincides well with median 2) 16 percentile ( - ) and 84 percentile ( + ), where – average, – standard deviation. Table 1. Statistic parameters for Area and Intensity in series of 400 bmp. No. Av. Interval Interval Median Percentile Percentile 84% Av. Dev. Area 400 3298.43 3217.223 3379.637 3388.000 2453.000 3978.500 826.14 Intensity 400 77.885 77.422 78.348 77.975 72.722 82.642 4.7085 Area: Average = 3298.43, median = 3388 average coincides well with median (difference ~ 2.7 %), 16 percentile = 2453 ( - ) = 2472.29 and 84 percentile = 3978.5 ( + ) = 4124.57 Intensity: Average = 77.885, median = 77.975 average coincides well with median (difference ~ 0.1 %), 16 percentile = 72.722 ( - ) = 73.176 and 84 percentile = 82.642 ( + ) = 82.595 Data distribution in Table 1 is normal. Table 2. Statistic parameters for Area and Intensity in series of 100 bmp. No. Av. Interval Interval Median Percentile 16% Percentile 84% Av. Dev. Area 100 3456.68 3423.731 3489.629 3471.50 3275.00 3626.00 166.055 Intensity 100 79.357 78.854 79.861 79.386 76.694 81.861 2.5391 Area: Average = 3456.68, median = 3471.50 average coincides well with median (difference ~ 0.4 %), 16 percentile = 3275 ( - ) = 3290.6 and 84 percentile = 3626 ( + ) = 3622.7 Intensity: Average = 79.357, median = 79.386 average coincides well with median (difference ~ 0.01 %), 16 percentile = 76.694 ( - ) = 76.818 and 84 percentile = 81.861 ( + ) = 81.896 Data distribution in Table 2 is normal. |
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